🦅 FRIDAY BIRD FAMILIES: Skuas, Jaegers, Auks, Murres, & Puffins

Every Friday we invite you and your homeschool students to learn about a different group of North American birds in your recommended bird guide. It’s a great way to add a few minutes of science, geography, natural history, and imagination to your homeschool schedule throughout the year.

This week’s birds (two different families) are the Skuas and Jaegers (pages 162–167), and the Auks, Murres, and Puffins (pages 166–179).

If you’re teaching younger children, the way to use these posts is just to treat your bird guide as a picture book and spend a few minutes each week looking at all the interesting birds they may see one day. With that, your little lesson is done.

If you have older students, one of your objectives should be to help them become fluent with a specialized reference book that’s packed with information, the kind of book they will encounter in many different fields of study. Here’s how your bird guide introduces this week’s birds:

SKUAS · JAEGERS — Family Stercorariidae. Formerly placed with the Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers, molecular evidence indicates that they are more closely related to the Alcidae and belong in their own family. Predatory and piratic seabirds, skuas are broader winged than jaegers. Largely silent at sea. Species: 7 World, 5 N.A. [North America]

AUKS · MURRES · PUFFINS — Family Alcidae. These black-and-white “penguins of the north” have set-back legs that give them an upright stance on land. In flight, wingbeats are rapid and shallow. Collectively known as “alcids.” Most species are silent at sea, when well away from breeding grounds. Species: 25 World, 23 N.A.

When you’re training your young naturalists, teach them to ask and answer from their bird guide some of the first questions any naturalist would ask about a new group — about the “alcids,” for example. How many species? (25 worldwide.) Are there any near us? (23 species in North America, but all are oceanic, as the maps will show you, so homeschoolers in Kansas will be out of luck.) What are their distinctive features? (Seabirds with plump bodies, short set-back legs, upright stance, rapid wingbeats, and so on.)

Pick a representative species or two to look at in detail with your students each week and read the entry aloud, or have them study it and then narrate it back to you, explaining all the information it contains. This week, from the Auk, Murre, and Puffin family, why not investigate a spectacular bird of the upper Pacific coast: the Tufted Puffin (page 178).

All sorts of biological information is packed into the brief species descriptions in your bird guide — can your students tease it out? How big is the Tufted Puffin? (15¾ inches long.) What is its scientific name? (Fratercula cirrhata.) Will you be able to find this species where you live? At what times of year and in what habitat? (Study the range map and range description carefully to answer those questions, and see the book’s back flap for a map key.) Do the males and females look alike? The adults and juveniles? What song or call does this species make? How can you tell it apart from similar species? (The text and illustrations should answer all these questions.)

There are three species of puffins in the world, two in the north Pacific and one in the north Atlantic, and all three are illustrated in your bird guide. The Tufted Puffin is the most dramatic, with its white face, orange-red feet and bill, and slicked-back golden crests. Like other alcids, it spends most of its time at sea and only comes to land to breed, usually on remote offshore islands.

You can do little ten-minute lessons of this kind with any of the species in your bird guide that catch your interest. Pick a species that is near you, or one that looks striking, or one that has a strange name, and explore. For example, in this week’s other family, the Skuas and Jaegers, take a look at the elegant Long-tailed Jaeger (page 166), an agile aerial pirate that often steals food from other birds in flight. (Jaeger is the German word for hunter.)

In all these Friday Bird Families posts, our aim is not to present a specific set of facts to memorize. We hope instead to provide examples and starting points that you and your students can branch away from in many different directions. We also hope to show how you can help your students develop the kind of careful skills in reading, observation, and interpretation that they will need in all their future academic work.

What ornithological observations and naturalistical notes will you be making in your homeschool this Orion Term? 😊

❡ Homeschool birds: We think bird study is one of the best subjects you can take up in a homeschool environment. It's suitable for all ages, it can be solitary or social, it can be as elementary or as advanced as you wish, and birds can be found just about anywhere at any season of the year. Why not track your own homeschool bird observations using the free eBird website sponsored by Cornell University. It's a great way to learn more about what's in your local area and about how bird populations change from season to season. 🦅

❡ Feed the birds: Setting up a bird feeder is one of the easiest educational activities you can do in a homeschool environment. Here are some tips that will help you get started today! 🐦

❡ Enchiridion: The front matter in your bird guide (pages 6–13) explains a little bit about basic bird biology and about some of the technical terminology used throughout the book — why not have your students study it as a special project. Have them note particularly the diagrams showing the parts of a bird (pages 10–11) so they'll be able to tell primaries from secondaries and flanks from lores. 🦉

❡ Words for birds: You may not think of your homeschool dictionary as a nature reference, but a comprehensive dictionary will define and explain many of the standard scientific terms you will encounter in biology and natural history, although it will not generally contain the proper names of species or other taxonomic groups that aren't part of ordinary English. (In other words, you'll find "flamingo" but not Phoenicopterus, the flamingo genus.) One of the most important things students should be taught to look for in the dictionary is the information on word origins: knowing the roots of scientific terms makes it much easier to understand them and remember their meaning. 📖

❡ Come, here's the map: Natural history and geography are deeply interconnected. One of the first questions you should teach your students to ask about any kind of animal or plant is, "What is its range? Where (in the world) does it occur?" Our recommended homeschool reference library includes an excellent world atlas that will help your students appreciate many aspects of biogeography, the science of the geographical distribution of living things. 🌎

❡ Nature notes: This is one of our regular Friday Bird Families posts for homeschool naturalists. Print your own copy of our River Houses Calendar of American Birds and follow along with us! You can also add your name to our free weekly mailing list to get great homeschool teaching ideas delivered right to your mailbox all through the year. 🐦 🦉 🦆 🦃 🦅

❡ Homeschool calendars: We have a whole collection of free, printable, educational homeschool calendars and planners available on our main River Houses calendar page. They will help you create a light and easy structure for your homeschool year. Give them a try today! 🗓

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❡ Join us! The aim of the River Houses project is to create a network of friendly local homeschool support groups — local chapters that we call “Houses.” Our first at-large chapter, Headwaters House, is now forming and is open to homeschoolers everywhere. Find out how to become one of our founding members on the Headwaters House membership page. 🏡