Although astronomical spring won’t arrive for another three weeks, our River Houses spring term begins today and the earliest signs of spring bird migration are all around us. That’s why our homeschool poem-of-the-week for the first week of March is a playful poem that’s more like a collection of photographs: “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird” by Wallace Stevens (1879–1955). “Photograph” XII captures our seasonal theme: “The river is moving. / The blackbird must be flying.”
Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird
I
Among twenty snowy mountains,
The only moving thing
Was the eye of the blackbird.II
I was of three minds,
Like a tree
In which there are three blackbirds.III
The blackbird whirled in the autumn winds.
It was a small part of the pantomime.IV
A man and a woman
Are one.
A man and a woman and a blackbird
Are one.V
I do not know which to prefer,
The beauty of inflections
Or the beauty of innuendoes,
The blackbird whistling
Or just after.VI
Icicles filled the long window
With barbaric glass.
The shadow of the blackbird
Crossed it, to and fro.
The mood
Traced in the shadow
An indecipherable cause.VII
O thin men of Haddam,
Why do you imagine golden birds?
Do you not see how the blackbird
Walks around the feet
Of the women about you?VIII
I know noble accents
And lucid, inescapable rhythms;
But I know, too,
That the blackbird is involved
In what I know.IX
When the blackbird flew out of sight,
It marked the edge
Of one of many circles.X
At the sight of blackbirds
Flying in a green light,
Even the bawds of euphony
Would cry out sharply.XI
He rode over Connecticut
In a glass coach.
Once, a fear pierced him,
In that he mistook
The shadow of his equipage
For blackbirds.XII
The river is moving.
The blackbird must be flying.XIII
It was evening all afternoon.
It was snowing
And it was going to snow.
The blackbird sat
In the cedar-limbs.
Wallace Stevens was one of the most prominent American poets of the twentieth century — a Pulitzer Prize winner and a representative of the school called “Modernism.” The Modernists reacted against the structured formalities of late nineteenth century poetry and adopted looser styles that were often unrhymed and non-metrical. “Thirteen Ways” was influenced by Japanese haiku, and while its components aren’t in the standard haiku form — three lines and seventeen syllables — they share the gem-like, imagistic style of haiku.
When you share a poem like this with beginning students, don’t worry about deep meaning or symbolism. Stevens is having fun creating word-pictures, and you should have fun along with him. An ideal exercise for this poem is to ask your students to draw a picture to represent one (or all) of the thirteen ways of looking. I think the first stanza is wonderfully visual, like a master photograph: “Among twenty snowy mountains, / The only moving thing / Was the eye of the blackbird.”
Although Stevens was one of the most widely read and studied American poets of his generation, he spent his whole adult life working as an insurance company executive in Connecticut, and he wrote and published his poetry in his free time. (There are probably multiple homeschool career lessons embedded in those facts.)
Here is Wallace Stevens himself reading “Thirteen Ways” — why not have your students read along as they listen:
One of the reasons young people should study and know about famous poems like this one is that they turn up everywhere. “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird” has been so popular that the phrase “Thirteen ways of looking at…” has become a standard hook for essay writers of all kinds, as any Internet search will demonstrate. (Be advised that not all results from such a search will necessarily be suitable for children.) One example that is suitable for children is the delightful poem “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Dragon” by Mari Ness:
I
Among twenty knight-blasted mountains
The only moving thing
Was the eye of the dragon.
And so on, through all thirteen. 🐉
What wonderful words and playful poetical productions will you be studying in your homeschool during this (brand new!) Leo Term? 🦁
❡ The only moving thing: If a special line or turn of phrase happens to strike you in one of our weekly poems, just copy it onto your homeschool bulletin board for a few days and invite your students to speak it aloud — that’s all it takes to begin a new poetical friendship and learn a few lovely words that will stay with you for life. 🏔
❡ Literary lives: The website of the Poetry Foundation includes biographical notes and examples of the work of many important poets (including Wallace Stevens) that are suitable for high school students and homeschool teachers. ✒️
❡ Here, said the year: This post is one of our regular homeschool poems-of-the-week. Print your own River Houses Poetry Calendar to follow along with us as we visit fifty of our favorite friends over the course of the year, and add your name to our River Houses mailing list to get posts like these delivered right to your mailbox every week. 🗞
❡ Support our work: If you enjoy the educational materials we distribute each week, please support our work and the noble cause of homeschooling by making a small donation as a Friend of the River Houses! Your support keeps us going and growing! 😊
