🦅 FRIDAY BIRD FAMILIES: New World Vultures, Ospreys, Hawks, Kites, and Eagles

Every Friday we invite you and your homeschool students to learn about a different group of North American birds in your recommended bird guide. It’s a great way to add a few minutes of informal science, geography, natural history, and imagination to your homeschool schedule throughout the year.

This week’s birds (three different families) are the New World Vultures (pages 268–269), the Ospreys (pages 270–271), and the Hawks, Kites, and Eagles (pages 270–293).

If you’re teaching younger children, the way to use these posts is just to treat your bird guide as a picture book and spend a few minutes each week looking at all the interesting birds they may see one day. With that, your little lesson is done.

If you have older students, one of your objectives should be to help them become fluent with a technical reference book that’s packed with information, the kind of book they will encounter in many different fields of study. Here’s how your bird guide introduces this week’s birds:

NEW WORLD VULTURES — Family Cathartidae. Small, unfeathered head and hooked bill aid in consuming carrion. Generally silent away from nesting site. Latest research indicates that these species are more closely related to hawks than storks; placement here restores an earlier treatment. Species: 3 World, 3 N.A. [North America]

OSPREYS — Family Pandionidae. Large, eagle-like raptor with reversible outer toes. Feeds almost exclusively on fish, normally caught live and then transported head first and belly down. Species: 1 World, 1 N.A.

HAWKS · KITES · EAGLES — Family Accipitridae. Worldwide family of diurnal birds of prey, with hooked bills and strong talons. Species: 240 World, 27 N.A.

When you’re training your young naturalists, teach them to ask and answer from their bird guide some of the first questions any naturalist would ask about a new group — about the Hawks, Kites, and Eagles, for example. How many species? (240 worldwide — a large group!) Are there any near us? (27 species in North America, and the individual maps will give us more detail.) What are their distinctive features? (Diurnal, predatory, hooked bills, talons, and so on.) (And both “diurnal” and “talon” are certainly wonderful words — be sure to send someone to your homeschool dictionary to look them up!) 🔎

Pick a representative species or two to look at in detail each week and read the entry aloud, or have your students study it and then narrate it back to you, explaining all the information it contains. This week, from the Hawks, Kites, and Eagles, why not investigate our national bird: the Bald Eagle (page 274).

Everybody can recognize an adult Bald Eagle, but have your students ever seen one in the wild? (It’s a real bird, not just an emblem.) All sorts of biological information is packed into the brief Bald Eagle species description in your bird guide — can your students tease it out? How big is a Bald Eagle? (31–37 inches long with a wingspan up to 90 inches!) What is its scientific name? (Haliaeetus leucocephalus.) Will you be able to find this species where you live? (Probably, as they occur across most of North America, although they aren’t common everywhere.) At what times of year and in what habitat? (Study the range map and range description carefully to answer those questions, and see the book’s back flap for a map key.) Do the males and females look alike? (Yes.) The adults and juveniles? (No!) What song or call does this species make? How can you distinguish it from similar species? (The text and illustrations should answer all these questions.)

For the Osprey family, which contains only a single species, take a few minutes to look at (naturally enough) the Osprey (page 270), a fish-eating predator found on every continent except Antarctica.

And for the New World Vulture family, take a look at another widespread North American species that you can almost certainly find near you: the Turkey Vulture (page 268), named for its bare, red, turkey-like head.

You can do little ten-minute lessons of this kind with any of the species in your bird guide that catch your interest. Pick one that lives near you, or that looks striking, or that has a strange name, and explore.

In all these Friday Bird Families posts, our aim is not to present a specific set of facts to memorize. We hope instead to provide examples and starting points that you and your students can branch away from in many different directions. We also hope to show how you can help your students develop the kind of careful skills in reading, observation, and interpretation that they will need in all their future academic work.

What ornithological observations and naturalistical notes have you been making in your homeschool this Orion Term? 😊

❡ Homeschool birds: We think bird study is one of the best subjects you can take up in a homeschool environment. It’s suitable for all ages, it can be made as elementary or as advanced as you wish, it can be made solitary or social, and birds can be found just about anywhere at any season of the year. Why not track your own homeschool bird observations on the free eBird website sponsored by Cornell University. It’s a great way to learn more about what’s in your local area and about how bird populations change from season to season. 🐦

❡ Vade mecum: The front matter in your bird guide (pages 6–13) explains a little bit about basic bird biology and about some of the technical terminology used throughout the book — why not have your students study it as a special project. Have them note particularly the diagrams showing the parts of a bird (pages 10–11) so they’ll be able to tell primaries from secondaries and flanks from lores. 🦉

❡ Words for birds: You may not think of your homeschool dictionary as a nature reference, but a comprehensive dictionary will define and explain many of the standard scientific terms you will encounter in biology and natural history, although it will not generally contain the proper names of species or other taxonomic groups that aren’t part of ordinary English. (In other words, you’ll find “flamingo” but not Phoenicopterus, the flamingo genus.) One of the most important things students should be taught to look for in the dictionary is the information on word origins: knowing the roots of scientific terms makes it much easier to understand them and remember their meaning. 📖

❡ Come, here’s the map: Natural history and geography are deeply interconnected. One of the first questions you should teach your students to ask about any kind of animal or plant is, “What is its range? Where (in the world) does it occur?” Our recommended homeschool reference library includes an excellent world atlas that will help your students appreciate many aspects of biogeography, the science of the geographical distribution of living things. 🌎

❡ Nature notes: This is one of our regular Friday Bird Families posts for homeschool naturalists. Print your own copy of our River Houses Calendar of American Birds and follow along with us! You can also add your name to our free weekly mailing list to get great homeschool teaching ideas delivered right to your mailbox all through the year. 🐦 🦉 🦆 🦃 🦅